Starting sequences:
Starting sequences on TV news channels often use transparent objects or graphics to suggest that the news that we are being shown is the raw, basic footage that we would see if we were at the locations ourselves.
Ofcom.
Ofcom declares the TV news is to be accurate and impartial.
All news in any part of the service should be presented with due accuracy and impartiality.
Due impartiality should be preserved on the part of persons providing the service as respects matters of political or industrial controversy or relating to current public policy.
The Act places the additional duty on the ITC to do all that it can to secure the exclusion of all expressions of licensees' views and opinions on matters (other than the provision of programme services) which are of political or industrial controversy or relate to current public policy. If a director or officer of a licensee does express an opinion on such controversial matters, in a broadcast by the licensee, it must be in a context which makes clear that the opinion expressed is not that of the licensee. Speeches in Parliament are exempt.
Licensees should adhere to the rules on impartiality drawn up in accordance with Section 6(3) of the Act, contained in Section 3 of the ITC Programme Code.
So Ofcom tell us that the news show has to be impartial as well as the starting sequences telling us that it is impartial. although there is some debate that news channels/ shows do not show impartiality or transparency.
New values.
The first in-depth study of news values was undertaken by Galtung and Ruge in 1965, who established a list of 12 factors that combined determine the news value of a story.sometimes called news criteria, news value determines how much popularity a news story is given by the media, and the attention it is given by the audience: "News journalism has a broadly agreed set of values, often referred to as 'newsworthiness'".
Examples of Galtung and Ruge's list of what a good story should have:
- Threshold: The bigger impact the story has, the more people it affects, the more extreme the effect or the more money or resources it involves, the better its chances of hitting the news stands.
- Frequency: Events, such as motorway pile-ups, murders and plane crashes, which occur suddenly and fit well with the newspaper or news broadcast's schedule are more readily reported than those which occur gradually or at inconvenient times of day or night. Long-term trends are unlikely to receive much coverage.
- Negativity: Bad news is more exciting than good news. Stories about death, tragedy, bankruptcy, violence, damage, natural disasters, political upheaval or simply extreme weather conditions are always rated above positive stories such as royal weddings or celebrations. Bad news stories are more likely to be reported than good news because they are more likely to score high on other news values, such as threshold, unexpectedness, unambiguity and meaningfulness,
- Unexpectedness: If an event is out of the ordinary it will be more likely to make it into the news than an everyday occurrence would. As Charles A. Dana famously put it, "If a dog bites a man, that's not news. But if a man bites a dog, that is news!'.
- Unambiguity: Events which are easy to grasp make for better copy than those which are open to more than one interpretation, or where understanding of the implications depends on first understanding the complex background to the event.
Gatekeeping.
"Gatekeeping is the process through which information is filtered for dissemination, whether for publication, broadcasting, the Internet, or some other mode of communication."
The first step in the gate-keeping process is to find the story to report on which has to relate to one of the news values or the story is worthless ( or so Galtung and Ruge say) and if it doesn't then it will go into "The Dustbin of History" - Sean Offord 2017.
The second step is more of a problem than a gateway as it is the most unreliable part of the process that is actually getting the story, getting a team on site, setting up, producing a short clip. And there can be lots of issues like loss of signal to the broadcast center for example.
The most popular stories that the news channels search for are ones with elite people, Elite countries, politics and Terrible acts such as the "Grenfell tower" incident.
Continuity.
Although the news channel state that they do not tamper with any of the stories that they are showing you, they do use certain techniques and systems to bring you the story that they want you to see.
One of these techniques is called the continuity system:
The first step in the gate-keeping process is to find the story to report on which has to relate to one of the news values or the story is worthless ( or so Galtung and Ruge say) and if it doesn't then it will go into "The Dustbin of History" - Sean Offord 2017.
The second step is more of a problem than a gateway as it is the most unreliable part of the process that is actually getting the story, getting a team on site, setting up, producing a short clip. And there can be lots of issues like loss of signal to the broadcast center for example.
The most popular stories that the news channels search for are ones with elite people, Elite countries, politics and Terrible acts such as the "Grenfell tower" incident.
Continuity.
Although the news channel state that they do not tamper with any of the stories that they are showing you, they do use certain techniques and systems to bring you the story that they want you to see.
One of these techniques is called the continuity system:
Overall I believe that there is no such thing as a non biased view on things because people will always try to get you too see their point of view or a different point of view from your own even if you or they do not do so intentionally. So no I don't believe that TV news is a window on the world at all.
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